- Dette er et viktig skritt i riktig retning, sier Mette Moberg, daglig leder i FOKUS Forum for Kvinner og Utviklingsspørsmål.
- Disse indikatorene vil hjelpe oss og andre i arbeidet for å bedre kvinners situasjon i og etter krig og konflikt, og forhåpentligvis legge press på nasjonale og internasjonale sikkerhetssystemer som nå må ta dette alvorlig. Det er for eksempel en skam at kvinners deltakelse i fredsprosesser fremdeles er så lav.
FN setter opp farten
Resolusjon 1889 ga FN en frist på seks måneder til å lage globale indikatorer, og til tross for ofte tungrodde og byråkratiske saksbehandlingsprosesser, har FN overholdt fristen. Ønsket om å ha et sett med indikatorer på kvinner, fred og sikkerhet ferdig til det store ti-års jubileet til den første resolusjonen, 1325, i oktober 2010 var nok avgjørende i så måte.
- At Sikkerhetsrådet har forpliktet seg til å handle i forhold til å utvikle disse indikatorene er en av de viktigste beslutningene tatt i det internasjonale sikkerhetssystemet i løpet av de siste årene i forhold til å sette opp farten i implementeringen av resolusjon 1325, sier Inés Alberdi, sjefen for FNs kvinneorganisasjon UNIFEM, i en pressemelding.
Ord skal bli handling
UNIFEM har vært med på å utvikle indikatorene som nå foreligger med sin tekniske ekspertise. Hele 14 FN-organer har vært med i prosessen, som ble ledet av OSAGI – the Office of the Special Advisor on Gender Issues. UNIFEM har lagt vekt på å inkludere medlemsland og kvinneorganisasjoner verden over i sitt arbeid. FN har også benyttet seg av de hittil 17 nasjonale handlingsplanene på resolusjon 1325.
Rapporten som ble lagt frem 27. april, består av 26 indikatorer, fordelt på fire temaer; forebygging, deltakelse, beskyttelse, samt gjenoppbygging (’relief and recovery’).
- Indikatorene vil avsløre hvor kvinner blir eksludert og hvor deres sikkerhet er truet, og de vil hjelpe til å identifisere gode måter å arbeide på, sa Alberdi.
- De vil være mye mer enn bare tall på et stykke papir.
UNIFEMs pressemelding
FN rapporten om indikatorer
De 26 indikatorene er som følger (for mer utfyllende informasjon om hver indikator, se rapporten oven):
PREVENTION:
Indicator 1: Incidence of sexual violence in conflict-affected countries
Indicator 2: Extent to which United Nations peacekeeping and special political
missions include information on violations of women’s and girls’ human rights in
their periodic reporting
Indicator 3 (a): Number of violations of women’s and girls’ human rights that are
reported, referred and investigated by human rights bodies
Indicator 3 (b): Inclusion of representatives of women’s and civil society
organizations in the governance and leadership of human rights bodies
Indicator 4: Percentage of reported cases of sexual exploitation and abuse
allegedly perpetrated by uniformed and civilian peacekeepers and humanitarian
workers that are referred, investigated and acted upon
Indicator 5 (a): Number and percentage of directives for peacekeepers issued by
heads of military components and standard operating procedures that include
measures to protect women’s and girls’ human rights
Indicator 5 (b): Number and percentage of military manuals, national security
policy frameworks, codes of conduct and standard operating procedures/
protocols of national security forces that include measures to protect women’s
and girls’ human rights
Indicator 6: Number and type of actions taken by the Security Council related to
resolution 1325 (2000), including those that prevent and address violations of the
human rights of women and girls in conflict-affected situations
Indicator 7: Number and proportion of women in decision-making roles in
relevant regional organizations involved in preventing conflict
PARTICIPATION:
Indicator 8: Number and percentage of peace agreements with specific provisions
to improve the security and status of women and girls
Indicator 9: Number and percentage of women in senior United Nations
decision-making positions in conflict-affected countries
Indicator 10: Level of gender expertise in United Nations decision-making in
conflict-affected countries
Indicator 11 (a): Level of participation of women in formal peace negotiations
Indicator 11 (b): Presence of women in a formal observer or consultative status
at the beginning and the end of peace negotiations
Indicator 12: Level of women’s political participation in
conflict-affected countries
Indicator 13: Number and percentage of Security Council missions that address
specific issues affecting women and girls in their terms of reference and the
mission reports
PROTECTION:
Indicator 14: Index of women’s and girls’ physical security
Indicator 15: Extent to which national laws protect women’s and girls’ human
rights in line with international standards
Indicator 16: Level of women’s participation in the justice and security sector in
conflict-affected countries
Indicator 17: Existence of national mechanisms for control of small arms and
light weapons
Indicator 18: Women as a percentage of the adults employed in early economic
recovery programmes
Indicator 19: Number and percentage of cases of sexual violence against women
and girls that are referred, investigated and sentenced
Indicator 20: Number and percentage of courts equipped to try cases of
violations of women’s and girls’ human rights, with due attention to
victims’ security
RELIEF AND RECOVERY:
Indicator 21 (a): Maternal mortality
Indicator 21 (b): Primary and secondary education enrolment rates
disaggregated by sex
Indicator 22: Extent to which strategic planning frameworks in conflict-affected
countries incorporate gender analysis, targets, indicators and budgets
Indicator 23: Proportion of the allocated and disbursed funding to civil society
organizations, including women’s groups, that is spent on gender issues in
conflict-affected countries
Indicator 24: Actual allocated and disbursed funding in support of programmes
that address gender sensitive relief, recovery, peace and security programmes in
conflict-affected countries
Indicator 25 (a): Number and percentage of transitional justice mechanisms
called for by peace processes that include provisions to address the rights and
participation of women and girls in their mandates
Indicator 25 (b): Number and percentage of women and girls receiving benefits
through reparation programmes, and types of benefits received
Indicator 26: Number and percentage of female ex-combatants, women and girls
associated with armed forces or groups that receive benefits from disarmament,
demobilization and reintegration programmes